0607 2 - Theory Equine Behav & Train Methods - 01

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  • Unit 1 Physiology of Perception

    Equine Eyesight
    This article is written by John Herning, DVM and was originally published in Practical Horseman in March 2000. It gives some facts about the equine eye that will help the horseman understand some of the horse’s behavior.
    Required
    http
    Equine Sense Organs
    This website has all of the different sense organs and how they work.
    Required
    http
    color vision
    This website is an article from a magazine talking about how horses see color.
    Required
    ecmagazine.net
    Measuring Perception
    PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF EQUINE LEARNING AND MEMORYLAUREL J. DUNNDEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGYMissouri Western State University” (Retrieved from http://clearinghouse.missouriwestern.edu/manuscripts/97.asp , Title/Introduction). This article details a case study of measuring perception and cognition from a group of six horses. Perception was tested within a group, involving variances of sex, breed, age, and training back round. The horses were all treated under the same conditions prior to testing, as to eliminate any discernable advantages regarding routine, handling and diet. The article discusses and provides charts to demonstrate the horses’ learning ability, as a group and individuals. Includes information that directly relates to sensory perception and its influence over training and information retention.    
    Required
    clearinghouse.missouriwestern.edu
    Equine Nervous System
    This website goes in to the nervous system and how the horses body connects all that it comes into contact on the outside to the inside. It goes into how the brain transmits the information gathered by the nervous system and spinal cord
    Required
    www.gla.ac.uk
    Equine Research Foundation
    This is a site where you can go to get lots of valuable information about horses, their care, and training them. The article was written by the Equine Research Foundation. Their goal is to increase knowledge about equine perception, behavior, training… to improve human’s communication with horse.
    Required
    www.equiworld.net
    Cirelli & Cloud on equine perception
    Horse Handling and Riding Guidelines, Part 1: Equine Senses. Written by Al Cirelli, Jr., ExtensionHorseSpecialistSchool of Veterinary Medicine, and Brenda Cloud, Vocational Instructor Southern Extension Area. (Available from the University of Nevada, Cooperative Extension) This is a PDF file consisting of 5 pages that walk you through the horse’s senses. Very informative, this file is an excerpt from a text that includes physical and behavioral perception and awareness. It offers more details on all the senses, not only sight.
    Required
    www.unce.unr.edu
    Physical traits
    This article discusses the physical and behavioral characteristics of horses and how that relates to training/riding them. It also discusses the equine mind and the fact that horses learn easily and have very good memories. The site is fairly credible, with the authors of this particular article being Al Cirelli, Jr., Extension Horse Specialist School of Veterinary Medicine and Brenda Cloud, Vocational Instructor Southern Extension Area. 
    Required
    www.equineresearch.org
    Equine Vision and Its Effect on Behavior
    • talks about blind spots and many other aspects of vision that effect behavior.
    • article comes from Utah State University and was written by Dr. Patricia Evans, she is an Extension Equine Specialist. Evans has lots of background with quarter horse training and shows, and she has also worked with training other breeds of horses and trained riders for many different things. From her experience in the equine industry and the research she has done she seems to be a fairly reputable source. 
    Required
    extension.usu.edu
    Photopigment basis for dichromatic color vision in the horse
    Photopigment basis for dichromatic color vision in the horse. Carroll J, Murphy CJ, Neitz M, Hoeve JN, Neitz J.Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.“Horses, like other ungulates, are active in the day, at dusk, dawn, and night; and, they have eyes designed to have both high sensitivity for vision in dim light and good visual acuity under higher light levels (Walls, 1942). Typically, daytime activity is associated with the presence of multiple cone classes and color-vision capacity (Jacobs, 1993).  

    Horses can see color in some hues. This is proven by the presents of cones and rods in the horses eyes. Cones which provide color and rods which show shapes. The debate that is on going now is what colors the horse can and can’t see.

    Required
    clearinghouse.missouriwestern.edu
    How Horses See
    How Horses See
    by Evelyn B. Hanggi, M.S., Ph.D.     Explains different aspects of equine vision including field of view, visual acuity, color, and depth perception as well as 1 or 2 more. .“Today, scientific study into equine vision is at an all time high, with discoveries offering evidence that horses see a world not so far removed from ours.”
    Required
    www.completerider.com
    Color Vision
    This is an article written by Dr. Patricia Evans, and equine specialist at UtahStateUniversity.  She has pooled information from several equine behaviorists such as E.B. Hanggi and P. McGreevy.  Dr. Patricia Evans wrote this in July 2005.
    Required
    extension.usu.edu
    Equine Research Foundation
    This is a site where you can go to get lots of valuable information about horses, their care, and training them. The article was written by the Equine Research Foundation. Their goal is to increase knowledge about equine perception, behavior, training… to improve human’s communication with horse.
    Required
    www.equiworld.net
    Equine senses explained

    Francis Burton, author of Ultimate Horse Care, published by Ringpress Books.

    This article is a chapter out of Ultimate Horse Care which covers the topics of the equine nervous system, equine senses and equine learning. The discussion on equine senses starts about midway through the article with sight. It then goes on to explain each of the five senses – sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch – in detail before it continues on into learning and memory.

    Required
    www.gla.ac.uk
    The effect of stimulus height on visual discrimination in horses
    The effect of stimulus height on visual discrimination in horses1C. A. Hall*,2, H. J. Cassadayand A. M. Derrington* School of Land-based Studies, Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst College Campus, Southwell, Nottinghamshire, England NG25 0QF and School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, England NG7 2RD This is a case study designed to test the effect that the height of a horse’s head has on their vision and how this affects their training process. There were 8 different horses used in the study  and in the end if was found that all horses responded better to stimuli that was presented at ground level.
    Required
    jas.fass.org
    Equine Color Vision Debate
  • talks about the research being done that proves that horses can see color rather than just black and white.
Required
www.equisearch.com
Equine Eyesight
This article is written by John Herning, DVM and was originally published in Practical Horseman in March 2000. It gives some facts about the equine eye that will help the horseman understand some of the horse’s behavior.
Required
www.equisearch.com